CP Chemistry Final Examination Concepts

Chap 8 Chemistry Concepts Covalent Bonding  

1.     Information hidden in a molecular formula

2.     Structural vs molecular formulas

3.     How do atoms achieve noble gas configuration in molecular compounds

4.     Diatomic molecules  (polarity, nature of the sharing,  ones with single, double or triple bonds))

5.     Using the noble gas configuration of a molecule, find the same configuration in a dif. element

6.     Smallest unit in a molecular compound

7.     Use EDD to identify single double or triple bonds between atoms in a molecule

8.     Coordinate cov. bonds

9.     Judge the reactivity of various cov bonds   Hint  = the more nonpolar is the least least reactive

10. Expanded octets in P and S and Cl  (exceptions)

11. Resonance structures

12. VSEPR theory  Know the reason for the shapes and the names of the shapes given the molecular formula

13.   VSEPR shapes include  linear, bent, pyramidal, and tetrahedral

14. predict eh aprox bond angle given the VSEPR shape  ex h20 angle = 109  deg vs COH(2)   = 120 deg   vs 180 deg in CO(2)

15. Predict polarity of a bond by location in the periodic table  ex rank HCL vs NH3)

16. Rank the strength of bonds by type

17. Cause of  dipole interactions

18. Relate melting point to  intermolecular bonding

19.  Bonding  in networking solids   and properties like melting point

Chapter 9 Concepts  Chemical Names and Formulas

1.  Know who loses and who gains electrons, anion  v cation,  and the types of compounds formed  in these combinations.   Also know whether anion or cation is listed first in the name.

2.  Know the names of all 40 polyatomic ions and charges.

3.  Know how to write the formula for a binary ionic compound given the name in stock or prefix system

4.  Know the latin roots for tin, iron and copper and the numeric prefixes 1-10

5.  Know how to write the formula for a binary molecular compound given the name in the  prefix system. 


6.  Be able to write the the name for either ionic or molecular compounds given the formula.

7.  Know how to name acids.  

8.  Know the difference between the laws of definite and multiple proportions including how multiple proportions are used

Chap 10 Chemical Quantities  Study Concepts

1.     Convert grams of a molecule (CO2) to moles of CO2.   Practice with other molecular formulas.

2.     Convert moles of a formula to grams of a formula (Calcium Carbonate)

3.     Convert Liters of a  gas at STP to moles of the gas .  Ex N2 gas

4.     Convert grams of a gas at STP to liters of a gas at STP ex Hydrogen H2 gas

5.     Convert Liters of a gas at STP to mass  of the gas at STP  Ex H2O gas

6.     Find the # atoms of an element Ex H, in a certain amount  of moles of a molecular  formula  (C6H6)

7.     Balance an equation

8.     Find the percent composition  of each element in a compound given the formula of the compound

9.     Find the percent composition of each element given the mass of each element in the compound but not the formula

10. Find the empirical formula from example 9 (You have figured out percent composition already)

11.   Find the molecular formula  from # 10 (empirical figured out already  given the molecular mass

12. Given the empirical formula find the molecular formula given the molecular mass.

Chap 11 Concepts  Chemical Reactions

1.  Balance   an equation using coefficients given formulas

2.  classify a type of reaction ( one of five)

3.  Write a balanced chemical equation given words for products and reactants

4.  Predict products  given formulas of reactants

5.  Predict if a reaction will occur using activity series

6.  Predict if precipitation occurs using the solubility rules

7.  Predict products including if a reaction occurs, balance and state reaction type and indicate the state (solid, aqueous or gas) of all chemicals involved

Chap 12 Concepts  Stoichiometry

1.  moles of X to moles of Y

2.  grams of X to moles of Y

3.  grams of X to grams of Y

4.  grams of X to atoms or molecules of 7

5.  grams of X  to liters of Y for gas at STP

6.  Kgs of X  to grams of Y

7.  Kgs of X to Kgs of y

NEW   NEW  NEW NEW

8.  percent yield.   Given  the actual yield, you calculate theoretical yield and calculate percent yield.

9.  Limiting reagent problem.  You are given two or more starting amounts of reagent.  Figure out  which is limiting and then calculate the amount of product.

Chapter 13 Concepts  States of Matter

1.  Kinetic Molecular Theory as a Model for gases

2.  Calcualte gas pressure using force and area in Pascals = N/meters squared

3.  Convert between atms and mm Hg  and torr and kPa of pressure  Conversion factor pg 397 text

4.  Know the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature of a gas.   KE = 1/2 mass X velocity squared.   This is a direct proprtion.  Temperature increase KE  of a gas    High temperature molecules move faster and have higher KE

5.  Know the cause of evaporation and vapor pressure in liquids. 

6.  Know ways to effect boiling point of a liquid including varying pressure, and solute concentration.    (Boiling Point Elevation)

7.  Know how to interpret a VP vs Temperature diagram.  Ex pg 405 of text

8.  Know changes of state including sublimation, melting, boiling, condensation, freezing

9.  Be able to interpret a phase diagram and answer questions to include triple point, critical point,  and state of matter at a given pressure and temperature